The NVIDIA RTX 5060 is the objective winner of this comparison, securing victories in eleven out of thirteen measured specifications. Its most significant technical advantage over the NVIDIA GTX 1080 is its FP16 performance, which is 13600% higher. While the NVIDIA GTX 1080 maintains a lead in memory bus width with a 100% advantage, the overwhelming superiority of the NVIDIA RTX 5060 across the majority of tested categories makes it the more capable component.

Users prioritizing raw computational throughput and modern architectural efficiency should select the NVIDIA RTX 5060 for its massive lead in FP16 performance. Conversely, the NVIDIA GTX 1080 remains the appropriate choice for specific use cases that rely heavily on a wider memory bus. By evaluating these two distinct hardware advantages, buyers can align their selection with the specific technical requirements of their intended workload rather than relying on general performance assumptions.