The NVIDIA RTX 4070 is the objective winner of this comparison, securing nine out of thirteen total specification categories. Its most significant advantage over the AMD RX 590 is its FP32 performance, which is 309% higher. While the AMD RX 590 maintains a lead in four specific areas, the substantial performance gap in computational power makes the NVIDIA RTX 4070 the superior choice based on the provided technical specifications.

Users prioritizing raw computational power should select the NVIDIA RTX 4070 to leverage its massive lead in FP32 performance. Conversely, the AMD RX 590 remains the appropriate choice for budget-conscious buyers, as it holds a 53% advantage in MSRP. Choosing between these two components depends entirely on whether your primary requirement is the high-end processing capability offered by the NVIDIA card or the cost-effective pricing structure of the AMD alternative.