The NVIDIA RTX 3070 is the objective winner of this comparison, securing victory in seven of the thirteen evaluated categories. Its most significant advantage over the AMD RX 580 is its FP32 performance, which is 229% better. While the AMD RX 580 holds its own in three specific areas, the NVIDIA RTX 3070 dominates the majority of the technical specifications provided, establishing itself as the superior component in terms of raw computational capability.

Users prioritizing maximum processing power should select the NVIDIA RTX 3070 to leverage its substantial lead in FP32 performance. Conversely, the AMD RX 580 is the appropriate choice for budget-conscious buyers, as it maintains a 60% advantage in MSRP. Choosing between these two components depends entirely on whether your primary requirement is the high-end computational output offered by the NVIDIA card or the cost-efficiency provided by the AMD alternative.