The NVIDIA GTX 1080 is the objective winner of this comparison, securing more total specification victories than the AMD RX 580. While the latter holds a significant lead in specific computational tasks, the primary advantage of the NVIDIA GTX 1080 is its superior FP32 performance, which is 44% higher than that of its competitor. This makes the NVIDIA card the more robust option for general processing tasks where standard floating-point precision is the deciding factor for overall hardware capability.

Users prioritizing high-level FP32 performance should select the NVIDIA GTX 1080 for their system builds. Conversely, the AMD RX 580 is the better choice for specialized workloads that rely heavily on FP16 performance, where it maintains a massive 4307% advantage over the NVIDIA alternative. Choosing between these two components depends entirely on whether your specific application requirements favor the broader FP32 efficiency of the NVIDIA card or the extreme FP16 throughput offered by the AMD hardware.