The AMD RX 9070 XT is the objective winner of this comparison, securing victory in ten out of thirteen measured categories. Its most significant technical advantage is its FP16 performance, which is 1477% higher than that of the alternative. While the AMD RX 580 maintains a lead in two categories, the overwhelming superiority of the newer card in raw computational throughput makes it the clear leader in this head-to-head evaluation based on the provided specifications.

Users prioritizing raw computational power and high-end performance should select the AMD RX 9070 XT to leverage its massive advantage in FP16 capabilities. Conversely, the AMD RX 580 remains the logical choice for budget-conscious buyers who prioritize a lower MSRP, as it holds a 67% advantage in that specific metric. Your final decision should depend on whether your primary requirement is maximum processing potential or the most favorable initial cost.