The AMD RX 7700 XT is the objective winner of this comparison, securing victory in ten out of thirteen measured categories. Its most significant technical advantage is its FP16 performance, which is 1040% better than that of the competing card. While the AMD RX 580 maintains a lead in three specific areas, the substantial performance gap in computational throughput establishes the newer model as the superior hardware option based on the provided specifications.

Users prioritizing raw computational power and modern hardware capabilities should select the AMD RX 7700 XT for its massive advantage in FP16 performance. Conversely, the AMD RX 580 remains the appropriate choice for budget-conscious buyers who prioritize a lower MSRP, as it holds a 56% advantage in that category. Your final decision should depend on whether you value the significant performance gains of the newer architecture or the cost-related benefits of the older model.