The NVIDIA RTX 4080 is the objective winner of this comparison, securing victory in nine out of twelve measured specifications. Its most significant advantage over the AMD Radeon RX 550 is its FP32 performance, which is 3925% higher. While the AMD Radeon RX 550 holds its own in three specific areas, the sheer scale of the performance gap in computational power makes the NVIDIA RTX 4080 the superior choice for raw technical capability.

Users prioritizing maximum computational throughput should select the NVIDIA RTX 4080 to leverage its massive lead in FP32 performance. Conversely, the AMD Radeon RX 550 is the appropriate choice for budget-conscious buyers, as it maintains a 93% advantage in MSRP. Choosing between these two components depends entirely on whether your primary requirement is the highest possible performance ceiling or the most favorable initial purchase cost.